Ngu-José Miguel Muñoz Gómez – Amalayini we-polyethylene adume kakhulu ngokusebenza kokuqukatha ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu, ezimayini, emanzini angcolile, nakweminye imikhakha ebalulekile.Ukuhlola okuxoxwe ngakho kancane kodwa okufanelekile isilinganiso sekhabhoni ephakeme kakhulu i-HDPE geomembranes esinikezayo ngokuqhathaniswa nemigoqo evamile njengobumba oluhlanganisiwe.
I-HDPE liner engu-1.5mm (60-mil) ingahlinzeka ngophawu olufana no-0.6m wekhwalithi ephezulu, ubumba oluhlangene olufana nolunye futhi inikeze ukufinyeleleka okungaphansi kuka-1 x 10–11 m/sec (nge-ASTM D 5887 ngayinye).I-geomembrane ye-HDPE ngokulandelayo idlula izilinganiso zokungakwazi ukungena nokusimama lapho umuntu ehlola irekhodi eligcwele lesayensi, ngokucabangela zonke izinsiza namandla ekukhiqizeni ubumba kanye nama-geomembranes e-HDPE azosetshenziswa njengesendlalelo sokuvimbela.
Indlela ye-geosynthetic inikeza, njengoba idatha ibonisa, isixazululo esinobungani bemvelo.
I-CARBON FOOTPRINT NEZICI ze-HDPE GEOMEMBRANE
Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-HDPE i-monomer ethylene, eyenziwe nge-polymerized ukuze yakhe i-polyethylene.Ama-catalyst amakhulu yi-aluminium trialkylitatanium tetrachloride ne-chromium oxide.
Ukwenziwa kwe-polymerization kwe-ethylene nama-co-monomers ku-HDPE kwenzeka kureactor lapho kukhona i-hydrogen ezingeni lokushisa elifinyelela ku-110° C (230° F).Impushana ye-HDPE ewumphumela bese ifakwa ku-pelletizer.
I-SOTRAFA isebenzisa isistimu ye-calandred (flat die) ukwenza i-HDPE geomembrane yayo eyinhloko (ALVATECH HDPE) kusukela kulawa mapellets.
I-GHG Identification kanye ne-CO2 Equivalents
Amagesi abamba ukushisa afakwe ekuhlolweni kwethu kwe-carbon footprint bekungama-GHG ayinhloko acatshangelwa kulezi zivumelwano: i-carbon dioxide, i-methane, ne-nitrous oxide.Igesi ngayinye ineGlobal Warming Potential (GWP) ehlukile, okuyisilinganiso sokuthi inqwaba yegesi ebamba ukushisa inomthelela ongakanani ekufudumaleni komhlaba noma ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.
I-Carbon dioxide ngokwencazelo ikhishwe i-GWP ye-1.0.Ukufaka ngokwesilinganiso iminikelo ye-methane ne-nitrous oxide kumthelela wonke, isisindo se-methane kanye ne-nitrous oxide ekhishwayo iphindaphindwa ngezinto ezihlukene ze-GWP bese yengezwa ekukhishweni okukhulu kwe-carbon dioxide ukuze kubalwe "i-carbon dioxide elingana" nesisindo. ukukhishwa.Ngezinjongo zalesi sihloko, ama-GWP athathwe kumanani asohlwini lwesiqondiso se-EPA sango-2010 sase-US "Ukubikwa Okuyisibopho Kokukhishwa Kwegesi Ebamba Ukushisa."
Ama-GWP ama-GHG acatshangelwa kulokhu kuhlaziya:
I-Carbon Dioxide = 1.0 GWP 1 kg CO2 eq/Kg CO2
I-Methane = 21.0 GWP 21 Kg CO2 eq/Kg CH4
I-Nitrous Oxide = 310.0 GWP 310 kg CO2 eq/kg N2O
Ngokusebenzisa ama-GWP ahlobene ama-GHG, isisindo se-carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2eq) sibalwa kanje:
kg CO2 + (21.0 x kg CH4) + (310.0 x kg N2O) = kg CO2 eq
Umcabango: Amandla, amanzi, kanye nolwazi olulahlwayo oluvela ekukhishweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe (uwoyela noma igesi yemvelo) ngokukhiqizwa kwamapellets e-HDPE bese kwenziwa i-geomembrane HDPE:
I-HDPE geomembrane ewugqinsi engu-5 mm, nokuminyana okungu-940 Kg/m3
I-HDPE carbon footprint yi-1.60 Kg CO2/kg i-polyethylene (ICE, 2008)
940 Kg/m3 x 0.0015 mx 10,000 m2/ha x 1.15 (izicucu nokugqagqana) = 16,215 Kgr HDPE/ha
E = 16,215 Kg HDPE/Ha x 1.60 Kg CO2/kg HDPE => 25.944 Kg CO2 eq/ha
I-Assumption Transport: 15.6 m2/ iloli, 1000 km ukusuka embonini yokukhiqiza kuya endaweni yomsebenzi
15 kg CO2/gal diesel x gal/3,785 amalitha = 2.68 Kg CO2 /litre udizili
26 g N2O/gal udizili x gal/3,785 amalitha x 0.31 kg CO2 eq/g N2O = 0.021 kg CO2 eq/litre udizili
44 g CH4/gal diese x gal/3,785 amalitha x 0.021 kg CO2 eq/g CH4 = 0.008 kg CO2 eq/litre udizili
1 ilitha udizili = 2.68 + 0.021 + 0.008 = 2.71 kg CO2 eq
Ukukhishwa komkhiqizo weloli emgwaqeni:
E = TMT x (EF CO2 + 0.021∙EF CH4 + 0.310∙EF N2O)
E = TMT x (0.972 + (0.021 x 0.0035)+(0.310 x 0.0027)) = TM x 0.298 Kg CO2 eq/ton‐mile
Kuphi:
E = Isamba sokukhishwa kwe-CO2 esilinganayo (kg)
I-TMT = I-Ton Miles Ehanjiwe
I-EF CO2 = i-CO2 emission factor (0.297 kg CO2/ton-mile)
I-EF CH4 = CH4 emission factor (0.0035 gr CH4/ton-mile)
I-EF N2O = I-N2O emission factor (0.0027 g N2O/ton-mile)
Ukuguqulela Kumayunithi Wemethrikhi:
0.298 kg CO2/ton-mile x 1.102 amathani/tonne x imayela/1.61 km = 0,204 kg CO2/tonne‐km
E = TKT x 0,204 kg CO2 eq/tonne‐km
Kuphi:
E = Isamba sokukhishwa kwe-CO2 esilinganayo (Kg)
TKT = tonne – amakhilomitha Ahanjiwe.
Ibanga ukusuka Embonini Yokukhiqiza (i-Sotrafa) ukuya endaweni Yokusebenzela (Hypothetical) = 1000 km
Isisindo seloli Elilayishiwe Esijwayelekile: 15,455 kg/iloli + 15.6 m2 x 1.5 x 0.94/iloli = 37,451 kg/ iloli
641 iloli/ha
E = (1000 km x 37,451 kg/iloli x tonne/1000 kg x 0.641 iloli/ha) x 0.204 kg CO2 eq/tonne‐km =
E = 4,897.24 Kg CO2 eq/ha
Isifinyezo se-Geomembrane HDPE 1.5 mm Carbon Footprint
EZIPHUMA ZAMALINE OMDAMBA OQINISEKILE KANYE NENYAYA YAYO YEKHABONI
Imigqa yobumba ehlanganisiwe isetshenziswe ngokomlando njengezingqimba zamachibi amanzi kanye nezindawo zokuvimbela imfucuza.Izidingo ezijwayelekile zokulawula zamalayini obumba ahlanganisiwe ubuncane bokushuba obungu-0.6 m, obunomthamo omkhulu we-hydraulic conductivity ongu-1 x 10–11 m/sec.
Inqubo: Ubumba emthonjeni obolekiwe ambiwa kusetshenziswa izinto zokwakha ezijwayelekile, eziphinde zilayishe impahla emalolini okulahla ama-axle amathathu ukuze zihanjiswe endaweni yomsebenzi.Iloli ngalinye kucatshangwa ukuthi linomthamo we-15 m3 wenhlabathi evulekile.Ngokusebenzisa i-compact factor engu-1.38, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaloli angaphezu kuka-550 enhlabathi azodingeka ukuze kwakhiwe umugqa wobumba ohlangene ongu-0.6m owugqinsi endaweni eyihekthare elilodwa.
Ibanga ukusuka emthonjeni wokuboleka ukuya endaweni yomsebenzi, vele, liqondene nendawo ethile futhi lingahluka kakhulu.Ngezinhloso zalokhu kuhlaziya, ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-16 (amamayela ayi-10) lathathwa.Ukuthutha okuvela emthonjeni wokuboleka ngobumba kanye nendawo yomsebenzi kuyisici esikhulu sokukhishwa kwekhabhoni iyonke.Ukuzwela kwe-carbon footprint iyonke ekushintsheni kulokhu okuhlukile kwesayithi kuyahlolwa lapha.
Isifinyezo se-Compacted Clay Liner Carbon Footprint
ISIPHETHO
Nakuba ama-geomembranes e-HDPE ezohlala ekhethelwa ukusebenza ngaphambi kwezinzuzo ze-carbon footprint, izibalo ezisetshenziswe lapha ziphinde zisekele ukusetshenziswa kwesisombululo se-geosynthetic ngezizathu zokusimama uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izixazululo ezivamile zokwakha.
Ama-geombranes afana ne-ALVATECH HDPE 1.5 mm azocaciswa ukumelana kwawo namakhemikhali aphezulu, izakhiwo eziqinile zemishini, kanye nempilo yesevisi yesikhathi eside;kodwa kufanele futhi sithathe isikhathi ukuqaphela ukuthi le nto inikezela ngesilinganiso sonyawo lwekhabhoni esingaphansi ngo-3x kunobumba oluhlangene.Ngisho noma uhlola ubumba lwekhwalithi enhle kanye nesiza sokuboleka esiqhele ngamakhilomitha ayi-16 ukusuka endaweni yephrojekthi, ama-geomembranes e-HDPE asuka ku-1000 km kude asasebenza ukwedlula ubumba oluhlanganisiwe esilinganisweni se-carbon footprint.
Ibuyiselwe kusuka: https://www.geosynthetica.net/carbon-footprint-hdpe-geomembranes-aug2018/
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-28-2022